In the People’s Republic:
An American’s First Hand View of Living
and Working in China
by Orville Schell
1977
The author’s trip was arranged in the 1970s by the Hinton’s, an
Amerikan family. The group was composed of men and womyn between the
ages of 18 and 60. As I read ‘In the Peoples Republic’ I came to see
each subchapter as a beautiful blueprint of Maoism in practice It was
very informative on how people can transform all their daily habits to
better the people as a whole. For instance, Mao’s China seemed what some
today would call “green” friendly, Schell explains how hotels in the
city that obviously generate much trash, separated the trash for organic
garbage, which was sent to pig farms and used for slop. This was done
nationwide. Even human waste was collected in what they called “honey
trucks” and taken to special ponds where thy would turn to fertilizer.
This recycling and notion of wasting nothing is an advancement that even
30+ years later has not reached the U$ on a nationwide level. The
Chinese people’s ability to use all material was remarkable, wasting
nothing was common practice.
On the passing of Chiang Kai Shek Schell notes that hardly a mention was
given in the People’s Daily publication, and there was no rejoycing or
anger shown in the streets or otherwise and that the people hated what
he stood for, but not him as a person. This shows the difference under
socialism and the behavior the people developed even to disliked
enemies, unlike here in Amerika as we witnessed the gleefullness and
cheer in the U$ media when Saddam Hussein was executed. It is clear that
under capitalism humyns mean shit.
Shell included Mao’s essay
“the
twenty manifestations of bureaucracy” in its entirety. This document
showed Mao’s passionate disagreement with different bureaucracy. It was
real good to see Mao fervently denouncing ever becoming disconnected
from the people. During the Cultural Revolution many plays and dance
troupes even addressed this issue with one of the performers wearing
oversized glasses, dressed in a suit with much face makeup appearing
very pale from staying in an office and carrying a briefcase. This
performer played the arrogant bureaucracy.
What I enjoyed about ‘In the Peoples Republic’ was it gave a brief
description of all levels of society in a Maoist country. Even the
artists and performers only created artforms that had a correct line and
benefited the people, and what was amazing is even the best performers
or dancers were never singled out and praised. This is a deep contrast
to what is seen here in Amerika where it is totally opposite and
performers or dancers and especially actors and actresses are praised
for their individuality. Individualism is not only praised here but
expected.
This book spoke a lot of Mao’s emphasis on including the peasants in all
spheres of society, Schell described how dance troupes would take their
andmade props and travel by foot to mountainous areas off the beaten
path where they would perform their politically charged dance
performances and songs to peasants and when Shell asked one of the
performers “where do you live on such trips?” the performer stated “we
live with the peasants” and he went on to describe how they have the
“three togethers”: eat together, live together and work together.
A scenario was posed that would be incomprehensible here in the U.$.
While touring Schell’s guide in China gathered some workers off the
street, a factory worker and other store workers, and conducted a
political discussion and the workers explained how politics apply to
their jobs. Schell wrote how in the U.$. during a foreign tour if one
would gather a Kentucky Fried Chicken worker, a Safeway worker, etc and
the same discussion was held, how different that discussion would be. I
believe this is because in this country it would not be beneficial to
U.$. interests for the masses to take up politics because should the
people become aware of how things work, capitalism would suffer, so the
average person is kept in the dark about politics. I thought this was a
good scenario that showed the big contradiction in socialist versus
capitalist societies, and the average person living in these societies.
Having experienced the imperialist prisons and its most suppressive
states, i.e. control units/security housing units, I was particularly
interested in the subchapter on prisons. There was a short description
of the prisons in Mao’s China that I enjoyed, I saw the real difference
in treatment in a socialist prison and in a Maoist prison specifically.
Here in imperialist Amerika most prisons will often pass out Christian
bibles, prison officials will leave a vast amount of bibles and other
religious literature in the dayroom where it is all conveniently
accessible to prisoners. Prison officials often send religious pastors
cell to cell asking if prisoners would like to discuss/learn about
religion. I often tell these pastors I would rather discuss communism
and this usually sparks a long debate between me and the pastor, ending
with the pastor walking off angry because I point out religion’s long
history of atrocity and oppression.
According to Schell, when he and his group visited a prison in China,
all cells had Marx, Lenin and Maist books in each cell. They also worked
and partook in criticism/self-criticism, there were not reports of
prison riots, suicide or guards abusing prisoners, unlike here inthe
U.$. where there are many of suicides and guards are always caught
abusing prisoners. Here even rape is a common occurance, depression is
high with guards feeling a sense of hopelessness as well as prisoners.
In contrast, in Mao’s Chian prison guards felt it a great honor to work
as prison guards as it was seen as a great contribution in rebuilding
these people and socialist reconstruction as a whole.
This book was good and gave a good study of Maoism in practice. I would
liked it to be more in depth on things or to show more on China’s
economics or its military, nonetheless it was a good look into everyday
life in a Maoist society.
MIM(Prisons) adds: The author is a Harvard graduate who travelled with a
group of other U.$. citizens to China in the last few months of Mao’s
life. They worked in a factory for a few weeks, worked in a field for a
few weeks, and toured many facilities such as clinics and schools. In
the People’s Republic is written exclusively through the subjective
filter of a typical Amerikkkan with a bourgeois perspective. The main
take-home lesson of this book seems to be “Socialism works for the
Chinese because they are so odd and different from Amerikans. Socialism
is against so many cultural values we have as Amerikans, and it is bad
for us for these reasons.”
It gives a favorable view of China in this period, but summarizes it as
the Chinese are “just different” from Amerikans. The author writes off
much of the Chinese hospitality as awkward and boring, and has a near
obsession with connecting with the Chinese on an individual level, and
telling anecdotes with a sense of irony. While having an apparent
ignorance of Mao Tse-Tung Thought, the author does not hesitate to
interpret the Chinese’s body language and conversation through an
Amerikan cultural lens.
If you already have an understanding of Maoism and Chinese society under
socialism, it can be interesting to read about such an important project
from a bourgeois perspective. While the author’s subjective
interpretation of events is “off”, ey at least doesn’t lie about how
successful the Chinese were in raising the living standards of even the
most destitute people in the country in incredible ways. There is much
first-hand favorable reflection on the cultural revolution as well.
There is one point that we disagree with in this review, and
apparently also with the author of In the People’s Republic. Both
Schell and the author of the review seem to think that Amerikan’s are
not given information about politics because it is in the interests of
Amerikan capitalism to keep them in the dark. The reviewer wrote: “I
believe this is because in this country it would not be beneficial to
U.$. interests for the masses to take up politics because should the
people become aware of how things work, capitalism would suffer, so the
average person is kept in the dark about politics.” </p?
While this is true to an extent, we see Amerikkkans’ lack of interest in
socialism as more than just being kept in the dark. Amerikans might not
know about everything the U.$. government is doing abroad, but they know
enough to be able to tell it’s not in the interests of many people. Yet
even most critics of the U.$. government are still patriots. In a Third
World country where the workers are truly exploited we would find
significantly higher political consciousness. Workers in Amerika are
overwhelmingly labor aristocracy and so their interests are tied up with
imperialism. We can not compare them with workers in China. The Amerikan
workers ignore politics because they don’t need to pay attention, not
because the Amerikan government is keeping them in the dark.