In this issue of Under Lock & Key we take on the issue of
social control in prisons through long-term isolation, commonly known as
control units (CUs). CUs are permanently designated prisons or cells in
prisons that lock prisoners up in solitary or small group confinement
for 22 or more hours a day with no congregate dining, exercise or other
services, and virtually no programs. Almost 50% uf ULK
subscribers are in CUs, while this is true for less than 5% of the
overall prison population in the United $tates.
This topic comes up a lot in ULK because control units are used
to punish and isolate prisoners speaking up against the criminal
injustice system, those with influence over others, and even those who
just won’t go along with the programmed repression of everyday prison
life. Our prisoner activist comrades, United Struggle from Within
members are often found in these long-term isolation cells, still
writing for ULK and organizing others in whatever way they can.
The real purpose of these control units is exposed in “Control Units:
Social Control for Semi-Colonies in the United $tates,” and several
articles on validation for activism. Control units attack our ability to
organize and are yet another way the prisons foment divisions between
prisoners.
We know that long-term isolation has serious mental and physical health
consequences. The conditions are eloquently exposed in the article on
the Delaware Prison System. And the dangerous health effects are
discussed in the article “Who’s Defining Mental Illness?”
The use of control units is expanding within the Amerikan criminal
injustice system and the past and future growth of control units are
explored in the review of the book “Out of Control” and our summary of
recent results from our own control unit survey.
With all this information on the development and purpose of control
units we need to turn to activism and what we should be doing to fight
back. Many of the articles listed above offer insights and options. And
for the overall development of the movement we call attention to the
article on the September 9 Day of Peace and Solidarity and the lessons
for the United Front from the Bandung Conference. By building a United
Front for Peace in Prisons we are laying the groundwork of unity and
peace to take on important battles like the one to abolish control
units.
The fight against prison control units is important for the
anti-imperialist movement, but it can only be waged in the context of
the broader struggle. We might win some reforms and gain some freedom
for our activist comrades behind bars, and better conditions for the
general prison population, but until we dismantle the criminal injustice
system we won’t be able to effect systematic change. And that will only
happen with the overthrow of imperialism because, as is clearly exposed
in this issue of Under Lock & Key, prisons are a critical
tool of social control for the imperialists. There’s no way the
imperialists will give up that control, and they always look for new
ways to spin national oppression to sound tolerable and even necessary
to the Amerikkkan public.
Control Unit Survey Responses
MIM(Prisons) has been soliciting for data on control units for the past
several issues of ULK. We’re forced to do this because there is
no central information source on control units in prisons in the United
$tates. Even for states that publish data on their population and report
on the existence of control units, the counts of prisoners housed there
are not always accurate. and there is a trend to downplay and under
report on control units. Whether this is by giving them a different name
(administrative segregation, super max security, security risk housing,
tiers, etc.) or by refusing to talk about these long-term isolation
cells altogether, this subterfuge and denial is evidence that the
prisons know control units are cruel and unusual punishment.
In response to the frequently heard question of how would we deal with
crime differently, first we point out that we do not agree with a
definition of crime that allows the biggest murderers and thieves to run
the government and military. Once the people have power to control the
definition and enforcement of laws to be in the interests of humynity
and not profit, we’ll be able to thoroughly deal with the real
criminals. We hold up the example of prisons in China during the
Cultural Revolution to show how communists handle crime and justice.
Prisons in China during that time were places of political education and
retraining. Landlords, capitalists, and spies were given an opportunity
to understand their crimes against the people, to make self-criticism,
and to learn new and useful skills so that they could return as
productive members of society. This is in direct contrast to the
Amerikan criminal injustice system, which builds recidivism and isolates
politically active and influential prisoners in control units without
even a pretense of education or rehabilitation.
We received 54 responses to the control unit survey over the past year
and this article summarizes some of the new findings.
The respondents broke down by state as follows:
State
|
Respondents
|
AR, DE, FL, KS, MD, ME, MO, NV, OR, SC, UT
|
1
|
AZ, CT, IL, PA, TN, WI
|
2
|
IN
|
4
|
CA
|
6
|
TX
|
8
|
GA
|
13
|
The high response rate from Georgia, Texas and California is at least in
part reflective of the activism going on in those states, as well as the
control unit prisons and cell blocks that have proliferated in those
states. In many cases we received data on the same prison from multiple
sources.
While close to half of the survey respondents did not report on the year
the control unit opened (presumably because they didn’t know), 12 of the
units reported on opened in the past 2 years. That’s a lot of new prison
control units. This includes prisons in Georgia, Pennsylvania, Illinois,
Maine and California.
Some prisons are control units in their entirety. Modeled after the
first long-term isolation prisons in Marion and Lexington, these
facilities are entirely dedicated to long-term solitary confinement. But
most control units these days are separate sections within an existing
prison. This might be a whole yard, several units, or just specific
cells. This makes it more challenging to count the number of control
unit beds/prisoners accurately, and gives the prisons a way to hide
their torture programs within regular prisons.
The reasons given for locking prisoners up in long-term isolation vary,
but most come back to some sort of justification based on safety and
security, citing a history of violence or fighting, or rule violations.
In many prisons there is a policy of locking up “Security Threat Group”
members, also known as “gang members,” for which validation is arbitrary
and punitive, as we discussed extensively in
Under Lock & Key
41. As one prisoner explained: “If you are politically conscious and
write about such they claim ‘gang activity’.” Several others described
the arbitrary nature of control unit assignment, explaining what gets
people into these units in their prisons: “COs will falsify the lock up
order and sergeant and lieutenant will go along”, “Any and everything.
Such as litigator-grievance filer”, and “No information in inmate
handbook. As far as known, administrative discretion.”
Most people were unaware of new control unit prisons being opened or
planned for in their state, but 13 people reported on known plans for
new control units. This underscores the importance of our work to shut
down these torture chambers.
Many survey respondants reported on the conditions in these control
units. Below are some of the representative descriptions:
“Subpar treatment of prisoners, small food portions, withholding of
property, mail, etc.”
“They are all sensory deprivation torture at its best”
“We don’t get yard correctly or food in proper proportions”
“Barbaric, human degradation less than dogs receive at the pound”
“We are locked in for 24 hours a day. Shower, sometimes every other day
for 30 minutes. We get outside recreation for 5 hours once every 7-10
days”
“Each cell here only gets 30 minutes a day of dayroom and 3 hours of
yard a week”
“They lie on us, beat us up, starve us, they don’t give proper medical
attention”
“While in segregation for almost four years, myself and other prisoners
were subjected to the most inhumane and barbarous treatment. There were
periods in which we went months without getting showers. In my almost 4
years here, I had recreation/exercise maybe 20 times. Prisoners would be
stripped out, completely naked in their cells for days. Prisoners would
be gassed/maced with multiple cans of this toxic agent – guys were
sprayed so regular and with such large quantities of gas, they many of
them had built up physical and psychological resistances to the torture
– guys would brag about being able to ‘eat’ the gas, and the officers
were so use to using such large quantities of gas, if they gassed
someone with only one can and the person coughed and choked, they’d say
things like ‘you lil’ bitch, you can’t even take a full can.’ Prisoners
would be denied food, prisoners were beaten with restraints on,
prisoners were shot with the canisters of tear gas guns, while locked
inside of their cell, and on May 7th or 8th of 2012, one mentally ill
prisoner was allowed to hang himself, while the officers simply slept
the night away. There are so many crimes that have been committed behind
these walls by animals that have the audacity to call us (the least of
these) criminal.”