*----------------------------------------------------------*
|                                                          |
| x   x x x   x   x  x  xx  xxx xxx  xxx                   |
| xx xx x xx xx   xx x x  x  x  x   x       Issue #21      |
| x x x x x x x   x xx x  x  x  xx   xxx                   |
| x   x x x   x   x  x x  x  x  x       x   02/10/86       |
| x   x x x   x   x  x  xx   x  xxx  xxx                   |
|                                                          |
|----------------------------------------------------------|
|    Newspaper of the Maoist Internationalist Movement     |
*----------------------------------------------------------*


   
   U.S. REPLACES HAITI PUPPET
   PHILIPPINES QUANDARY
   CIA BRAINWASHING
   
   HAITIAN REGIME FALLS; U.S. CLEANS HOUSE
   Something was up. A revolt in Haiti had been going on for 
two months. The U.S. Government had said some weeks into the 
revolt that the regime of dictator J.C. (Baby-Doc) Duvalier 
was not on its last legs but nonetheless it was 
"surprisingly" brittle.
   Smelling a loser, the State Department next reported that 
Duvalier had fled the country. This turned out to be untrue 
in the first report, but the report itself had the effect of 
fueling fires in Haiti: Even the United States could conceive 
of the fall of Duvalier. Draping themselves in the American 
flag, Haitian rebels did not intend to give the U.S. an 
excuse for its usual style of intervention in the Caribbean. 
With the Marines seeming to be out of the picture the rebels 
had "nothing to fear" and dared face death to overthrow 
Duvalier. They proceeded to knock down Duvalier's statue and 
dig up the graves of hated generals who had repressed their 
own people.
   Finally, after 28 years of repressive rule, and two months 
of revolt by the Haitian people, a six man council replaced 
president for Life Jean-Claud Duvalier, after he fled with 
his family in a U.S. Air Force plane for temporary asylum in 
France. The leader of the new military-civilian council, 
General Henri Namphy, said that the military had taken over 
because "of the extremely grave situation which had 
developed" and that the military had no political ambitions--
"not now or ever." Whatever the nature of the new regime, it 
is clear that it entered power by treading carefully and 
recognizing the strength of the revolt of the Haitian people.
   Other council members besides the General include Col. 
William Regala, Col. Max Vales and two civilians, Gerard 
Gourgue and Alix Cineas--heads of the former Human Rights 
Commission and Ministry of Public Works respectively. Col. 
Prosper Avril is an advisor to the council. (Detroit News, 
2/8/86, p. 1)
   Namphy, a 52-year-old career officer is the only person of 
mixed descent in the otherwise all Black leadership. Baby Doc 
and his father, who ruled before him--Francois Duvalier--had 
kept out the elite of mixed descent. (Ibid.)
   Making sure not to displease the West, Namphy replaced the 
red and black flag of the Duvaliers with a red, white and 
blue one. (Ibid.)
   Duvalier's regime was strongly dependent on economic aid 
from the U.S., France, Canada, W. Germany and other 
countries. More than a third of the country's annual budget 
of close to $400 million came from foreign countries. (The 
Nation, 1/11/86)
   Of course, the aid was contingent on some "human rights" 
window-dressing. One of the final nails in Duvalier's 
political coffin was Reagan's abandonment of "constructive 
engagement" with Haiti, days before Duvalier's fall. Human 
rights became the overnight concern for Reagan, who in 
reality had no interest in backing a loser or in alienating 
Haitian people more than necessary.
   Under Duvalier trade unions were not tolerated; dissident 
lawyers, journalists and intellectuals were expelled or 
imprisoned. (Amnesty International, Torture in the 80s)
   The current outbreak started in Gonaives on Nov. 27, 1985 
with more than 1,000 slum dwellers shouting "down with 
misery!" The outbreak became revolt with the slogan "Down 
with the presidency for life!" The following day students 
held a demonstration, which troops put down. They shot two 
students and beat a third to death. That sparked 
demonstrations in other cities. (Nation, 1/11/86)
   A sudden gasoline and fuel shortage aggravated discontent, 
as did the president's wife, Michelle Duvalier, who took a 
shopping spree in Paris at the same time.
   Seeing that Duvalier was in trouble, the United States 
played a strong role in engineering the replacement of its 
own regime in Haiti. American aid to Haiti was cut off eight 
days prior to the fall of Duvalier, under the guise of "human 
rights."
   The U.S. Ambassador to Haiti reportedly persuaded Duvalier 
to leave the country. Previously, the State Department put 
the handwriting on the wall for Duvalier when it reported in 
advance that Duvalier had fallen. The White House 
acknowledged the State Department's error in jumping the gun, 
but did not comment because it knew that it was just a matter 
of time before Duvalier fled. (Detroit News, 2/8/86)
   In more recent developments, many members of the Tonton 
Macoutes, the private army of deposed Pres. Duvalier, were 
beaten to death by the angered and vengeful people of Haiti. 
100 bodies said to be those of the Tonton Macoutes were 
stacked in an unrefridgerated morgue at the General Hospital 
(2/8/86). At a Tonton Macoutes station in the suburb of 
Petionville, soldiers tried to control an angry group of 
Haitians trying to get revenge from the 30 Macoutes inside. 
The Macoutes shot and wounded a woman and child. The army 
surrounded the post and arrested those who allegedly fired 
the shots and confiscated rifles from the post. (Associated 
Press, 2/8/86)
   The six member council has extended a 2p.m. to 6a.m. 
curfew, imposed Friday. The new regime is also considering 
measures to control the Macoutes, who have an estimated 10 to 
15,000 members. According to the new Minister of Justice, 
"they are considering a communique ordering everyone having a 
fire-arm to turn it in to the nearest police." (Detroit Free 
Press, 2/9/86) The Associated Press (2/9/86) reported that 
the new regime started to gather up the Tonton Macoutes.
   
   CIA EXPERIMENTS WITH MIND CONTROL ON HUMAN GUINEA PIGS
   The C.I.A. used as many as 100 Canadians as unknowing 
subjects in an experiment in mind control and brainwashing. 
Dr. Ewen Cameron performed the experiments in the late 1950s 
and early 1960s. Highly regarded as a psychiatrist, Cameron 
used LSD and massive electric shocks to wipe out unwanted 
memories and behaviors in his patients. Tape recorded 
messages, which he referred to as "psychic driving" 
indoctrinated patients for the creation of new behaviors. 
Prolonged sleep induced through drugs erased the patients' 
memories of the experience.
   30 years after the incidents, nine Canadians are suing the 
CIA for $1 million each for their suffering. The victims went 
to the Allen Memorial Institute for a variety of reasons. 
Three suffered depression; one was anxious; two alcoholics 
sought detoxification; one had a physical complaint that 
doctors tagged as psychosomatic; one woman doctor became a 
CIA patient when she interviewed there for a fellowship. The 
Institute told her she needed treatment for nervousness. Each 
victim paid exorbitant fees for the ineffective treatments. 
Deleterious effects include amnesia, anxiety, depression and 
inability to read and concentrate or keep a job.
   None of the victims learned about what happened to them 
until the 1970s when the CIA released documents on the 
experiments after an author's request under the Freedom of 
Information Act. The documents show that the CIA spent $25 
million to study mind control in a project that lasted 25 
years. The money for Cameron's experiments was funneled 
through a private foundation as part of a project known as 
MKULTRA. MKULTRA has financed 149 such projects at 86 
universities and institutions.
   MKULTRA grew out of the cold war and the growing fear of 
communism. The CIA believed that the Soviets and the Chinese 
had the lead in brain-washing techniques and sought to be 
able to crack the mental defenses of enemy agensts and 
program them to carry out any missions the U.S. government so 
desired. (Detroit Free Press, 2/9/86)
   
   BOURGEOIS ELECTIONS IN PHILIPPINES PUT U.S. IN QUANDARY
   According to the government's unofficial tally and a count 
by a volunteer civic organization, Corazon Aquino is leading 
in her bid for office against President Ferdinand Marcos, who 
has ruled the Philippines for 20 years. (Detroit Free Press, 
2/9/86)
   There were numerous reports of fraud, and the government 
affirmed that 30 people were killed in election day violence. 
(Associated Press, 2/7/86) Citizens were frustrated with the 
government's slowness in counting the ballots, and Marcos is 
suspected of delaying the election results which are 
favorable to the opposition leader. (UPI, 2/7/86) 
Furthermore, a premature television broadcast citing Marcos 
as the winner by a large margin was "clearly a violation" of 
election ground rules, according to Sen. Richard Lugar, R-
Ind. (Ibid.) For his part Reagan said that there could be no 
clear winner from the elections. (Associated Press, 2/9/86)
   President Marcos stated Saturday that he might declare the 
presidential election invalid before the vote count is done--
however, Corazon Aquino has declared her victory and asked 
Marcos to concede defeat. (Detroit Free Press, 2/9/86)
   The U.S. has recently denounced Marcos for his civil 
rights record and now seems to be heavily involved in the 
Aquino candidacy; although, Reagan predicted Marcos's victory 
in an effort to prepare American public opinion for the 
possibility that the U.S. might have to support Marcos, win 
or lose. Of course, neither the Marcos nor the Aquino camp 
acted entirely pleased with Reagan, but then again, neither 
could afford to complain too much.
   Early in her campaign, Aquino told the opposition 
coalition Bayan that she would not work with it. This 
deprived her of the energy and expertise of several more left 
leaning cause-oriented groups. She decided to run under the 
banner of Unido, with a party member and conservative--
Salvador Laurel--as her running mate. (Marcos has said that 
he would accept Laurel as his vice-president.) This caused 
much dissatisfaction among her late husband's followers--
supporters of the populist Laban Party. U.S. Ambassador 
Stephen Bosworth was present at the meeting between Aquino 
and Laurel, and appeared to play a decisive role along with 
the Catholic Church in creating this coalition. (Nation, 
2/1/86)
   Aquino consults two men of the opposition--former senator 
Lorenzo Tanada and Joaquin Roces, an influential publisher 
before the imposition of martial law. Two activist 
businessmen--Jaime V. Ongpin, president of a mining company 
and Romulo del Rosario, president of IBM of the Philippines--
have been instrumental in formulating Aquino's economic 
policy and are members of her aggressive new speech-writing 
campaign. (New York Times)
   Aquino has said that she will ask the New People's Army to 
lay down its arms. Her willingness to accept communists who 
renounce violence onto her cabinet has been the target of 
Marcos's campaign speeches.
   Aquino is hoping for a kind of "historic compromise" with 
the nationalist and semi-Maoist revolutionaries. At best, 
Aquino is working to establish bourgeois democracy in the 
Philippines.
   Aquino's candidacy promotes many illusions. Unlike the 
United States where bourgeois parties peacefully transfer 
power from one to another, the Philippines has military and 
economic power concentrated in a clique of Marcos and his 
cronies--a clique that the United States has built up over a 
period of years. The Marcos clique has a $500 million 
campaign chest and control of the military. (Nation, 2/1/86) 
While Aquino does have American support, she risks leading 
her followers into a bloodbath. At several polling places 
around the country, as Aquino requested, her supporters 
protected the ballots with their fists, 2x4s and pitchforks. 
Marcos of course sent in the army with machine guns to 
confiscate ballots. In some sections of Manilla, his 
candidacy won 8 or 10,000 to 0.
   Aquino's campaign has demonstrated the futility of popular 
elections. If she does make it into power it will only be 
because of American military support (not direct, but through 
threatening to cut off the military from American aid if 
Aquino is not installed or through offering to increase 
military and economic aid if Aquino is installed) and the 
armed strength of her supporters where they managed to hold 
onto the ballots.
   Marcos's delay in counting the ballots is as Sen. Lugar 
from the United States said. Marcos needs time to think about 
the situation. The quandary is genuine for both the U.S. and 
Marcos.
   
   INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC STUDY DISCUSSES NUCLEAR WINTER
   The International Council of Scientific Unions concluded 
that one to four billion people would die of starvation after 
a nuclear war. A drop of 5 to 10 degrees in the Northern 
Hemisphere would eliminate agriculture there. Such a drop in 
temperature could be caused by the loss of sunlight to the 
earth that would result from the smoke and dust put into the 
atmosphere by nuclear explosions. (New York Times, 9/13/85)
   Other studies point out the possibility for total darkness 
for six months. This makes all the more relevant a recent 
comment by a Peruvian analyst of the Shining Path, who is a 
member of the World Tour to Support the Revolution in Peru: 
"Even if the imperialists do blow up the whole world and all 
life on the planet dies, that won't mean shit for the 
universe."