Theory |
"Good" Personality Cults? April 23, 2005 by RedStar2000 |
When Mao decided that it was time to criticize Stalin, he wanted to do it in a way that would avoid suggesting any parallel with himself. Consequently, he came up with the notion of "good personality cults" (meaning him) and "bad personality cults" (meaning Uncle Joe).
The last remaining (credible) heirs to Mao in the U.S. -- the Revolutionary Communist Party -- seek to "apply Maoism" here by publicly celebrating their own "great leader"...Bob Avakian.
If the RCP were a movie, Avakian would appear in larger print above the movie's title...as if the RCP was the showcase for the display of Avakian's "talents".
Does Avakian really deserve "top billing"?
Does anyone?
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Driving a stake through the heart of "leader-ism" is at least as tough as killing off the villain in a teen slasher movie. One can (fairly easily) find and display the warts and other short-comings of this or that "leader". Surprise, s/he's a fallible mortal after all!
But that doesn't stop the next generation of leader-wannabes from putting forward their dubious claims to the title...as if some folks just need the psychological "vindication" of being thought of as a "leader". And others, of course, glory in the title of "follower"...they are proud of their subservience.
One common response is to simply say "fuck those idiots and their leader; they deserve each other!", much as some atheists scorn the people that think the pope "really is" the "Vicar of Christ on earth".
But I think that's a mistake and an evasion of struggle against reactionary ideas. If you let bad ideas go unchallenged because they are "self-evidently stupid" in your eyes, the people who have those bad ideas are not going to just "go away" and "leave you alone".
They will keep "plugging away"...and one day you could wake up and discover that the pope's superstitious drivel is now "the law of the land".
Or that there's an army marching down your street and they're all carrying big pictures of...Bob Avakian!
There's another important reason to keep bringing this up; not every "follower" is necessarily an "idiot". There are intelligent and sincere people who, in this case, are very serious about making a personal contribution to the revolutionary process; it is shamefully wasteful to "stand aside" and watch their efforts being twisted and their persons humiliated in the cause of "leader-ism".
Consequently, I think it's important to "keep the pressure on" the idea of leader-ism...keep confronting it until it's completely discredited.
I recently came across an excerpt of Bob Avakian's memoirs on another board. Since, by Avakian's standards, it is remarkably succinct, I thought it would be appropriate here to examine the ideas he presents from a Marxist standpoint.
(Note: all quotes marked "Avakian" are from FROM IKE TO MAO AND BEYOND - My Journey From Mainstream America to Revolutionary Communist A Memoir by Bob Avakian
Excerpted by an RCPer on the AnotherWorldIsPossible board here...
http://awip.proboards23.com/index.cgi?action=display&board=articles&num =1104275496&start=30)
quote (Avakian): As communists who understand both that it is the masses of people who have to rise up and make revolution and transform society and, on the other hand, that in order to do that the masses need leadership that makes them conscious of the need and the possibility to do this, we have a different view of leadership. We understand in a deep and scientific way why people need leadership and what kind of leadership they need. So we also look at the role of individual leaders differently than the bourgeoisie does, certainly, and also differently that others who don't have a communist viewpoint and understanding.
My observation, for what it's worth, is that Avakian's view of leadership parallels that of the bourgeoisie very closely.
It flatly asserts that the masses cannot realize the "need" and the "possibility" of making revolution and transforming society unless "someone" tells them that.
They'd never "figure it out" on their own.
The bourgeoisie also "believe in leader-ism", of course...from the shop foreman to the "world-conquerer". In their eyes as well as Avakian's, "nothing happens" without "leadership". Nothing "good", that is.
Even "bad things" happen "because" of "bad leadership". The history of 20th century communism turns out to be one of poor or inadequate "leadership". If the "guys in charge" had done "the right things", then matters would be totally different from the way they are now.
Is this not paralleled by many bourgeois historians? The Nazis lost the war "because Hitler fucked up". The U.S. lost in Vietnam because Johnson and Nixon were "incompetents". John Kerry lost the last "election" because he hired a "seven-time loser" as a campaign manager. And the U.S. is losing in Iraq because Cheney, Rumsfeld, et.al., had "no plan" for how to set up a "successful occupation".
Neither the objective material conditions nor the masses themselves play any significant role in what happens.
Calling your assertions "deep" and "scientific" does not make them so.
quote (Avakian): We understand that there are people who, as a result of a combination of personal experiences and larger social experiences and larger events and influences in society and the world, come to embody the kind of leadership that the masses of people, and the politically advanced forces among them, need in order to make revolution.
Think about that: what does it mean to "embody" a quality?
Doesn't it strike you like something along the lines of "and the Word became flesh and dwealt amongst us"?
If you say that someone "embodies" an idea, you don't simply mean that someone had an idea or developed an idea or even symbolizes an idea -- literally, you mean that they've become the idea. The idea and their bodily existence are "one and the same".
It's certainly possible that "Avakian didn't mean it literally" or "it was just a poor choice of words".
But I don't think so, myself. I think that "leader-ism" lends itself to metaphysical thinking and the words chosen reflect that predisposition. "Leader-ism" is a metaphysical concept; there's nothing scientific about it whatsoever.
quote (Avakian): Now "cult of personality" is a phrase that has been used to convey a negative meaning -- the word "cult" implies a kind of religious sect -- but there is a deeper question here. And, in a certain way, it has been important to take this on directly, and at times in a provocative way. I remember, for example, being challenged by someone interviewing me -- I believe this was on a college radio station in Madison, Wisconsin -- who asked insistently: "Is there a 'cult of personality' developing around Bob Avakian?" And I replied: "I certainly hope so -- we've been working very hard to create one." This was a provocative way of getting to the real point.
Yes, that is certainly provocative.
Here's a guy who comes right out and says that there ought to be a "personality cult" around ME!
Modesty is not one of Bob Avakian's faults.
We are used to this sort of hype in the entertainment industry...and even among some of the more successful capitalists. Humans of normal intelligence usually discount it heavily...figuring that if the truth were known, these "personalities" screw up like everyone else.
What is far more ominous is when this kind of grandiose self-delusion appears in a political context. A "cult of personality" requires, above all, followers...people who think the sun shines out of this guy's ass.
And if they think that, then how can they think about anything else at all?
And if there are a sufficient number of such followers, what happens then?
quote (Avakian): What is involved here is the role of individual leaders, especially ones who do come to represent in a concentrated way the kind of leadership people need, people who are outstanding leaders, if you want to put it simply. Many people don't have a hard time recognizing that certain people come to play outstanding roles in various other areas of life -- science, sports, the arts, and so on -- but when it comes to the sphere of political leadership, this seems to be a much more sensitive and controversial issue.
Very true...and for a very valid reason. No one is going to take any action against me in the material world if I dissent from the "standard model" in particle physics, or if I discount the home-run totals of steroid-enhanced ballplayers, or if I'm firmly convinced that Britney Spears has the approximate singing ability of a camel.
In politics, especially revolutionary politics, matters are different. Criticism of the "leader" is apt to get me a really lousy job or even an early payment on my life insurance.
There is much to be "sensitive" about.
quote (Avakian): And the deeper question is this: what is the relationship between such leaders and broader groupings of people? This question came up repeatedly, in a number of different forms, and we went into it deeply and struggled over it with broad numbers of people. We said straight-up that when you do have individuals who are of a high caliber, capable of being both far-seeing and of having a profound grasp of practical questions, able to grapple on a high level with theory and to provide guidance for the struggle, not only in a more immediate but in a more strategic sense, this is a very good thing, not a bad thing.
First of all, no one says this about you, Chairman Bob, except your followers. They claim at interminable length that you possess these desirable qualities in abundance...no one else seems to think so at all. Some even vigorously dissent from that evaluation.
Horrors!
Secondly, suppose such an individual "did exist"...would a "cult of personality" built around such a hypothetical individual be "the right thing to do"?
I think not. Because no matter "how good" someone is or how "outstanding" their contributions may be, they are human and will make mistakes.
But if there is a "cult of personality" around them, then they are beyond legitimate criticism and their mistakes (usually) cannot be corrected until they die.
If they admit a mistake, then they themselves can correct it. Otherwise, one can only wait for the emperor to become worm-shit and then try to clean up the mess he's made of things.
quote (Avakian): This is a strength for a party. This is a strength for the revolution. This is a strength in terms of contributing to the international struggle. So this [is] not something to be embarrassed about or ashamed about or defensive about, it is something to uphold and to popularize to people that we do have this kind of leadership and we do have an individual who can play this kind of a role, who is willing to take that responsibility and is able to do so.
This is a candid admission of the obvious. Some people in Avakian's party are "embarrassed", "ashamed", and "defensive" about the cult of Avakian.
But perhaps "are" is the wrong word; perhaps it should be were.
What happens to people in Avakian's party who "won't" go along with the hype? It seems to me that their position must be extremely precarious...even if they prudently refrain from any direct criticism of the "leader" or the line promoting the "leader" (waiting for the emperor to die).
Note also that Avakian fully shares the opinion of his followers; when he says that "we do have this kind of leadership and we do have an individual who can play this kind of a role, who is willing to take that responsibility and is able to do so" -- he's talking about HIMSELF!
quote (Avakian): Especially confronted with the challenge of defending, and popularizing, our Party and its leadership, we struggled over this within the Party itself, at the same time we took this out more broadly and struggled with progressive and radical people about this question: we deepened our own grasp of this, and a number of people beyond the party at least came to a better understanding of the issues involved, and many were won to be supportive of our position.
I'm rather skeptical of all this...I have yet to see anyone outside the milieu of Avakian's party take his self-evaluation seriously.
What I have noticed is a kind of "spill-over" effect: the cult of Avakian becomes, over time, the cult of his party as well.
Here's a contribution I came across on the Atlanta Indymedia site...
quote: A movement already exists that has rethought the challenge of the betrayal of the Soviet-Chinese Revisionists. It is called the Revolutionary Internationalist Movement (RIM) and has an expression here in...the USA, where the Revolutionary Communist Party has taken up the banner of MLM and carried it through the historic breakthroughs made by Chairman Avakian. Only through working with the sole authentic voice of the American proletariat can revolution be made in countries like the USA and the RCP is the sole party under the leadership of Chairman Avakian that is actively capable of doing it. More and more proletarians of all national formations within the American empire are coming to realize the truths of these breakthroughs and are uniting behind the RCP's leadership. I would invite...anyone...serious about making revolution in this country to get down with the RCP on the revolutionary tip and take it until revolution is happened.
http://atlanta.indymedia.org/newswire/display/36407/index.php
Note that: the RCP is "the sole authentic voice of the American proletariat", not to mention that "more and more proletarians...are uniting behind the RCP's leadership".
Self-hype is like cancer; it just grows and grows until it kills the host.
One more thing to be considered in all this. As in so many things, Marx anticipated this question as well.
quote (Karl Marx): Let me cite one proof of this: such was my aversion to the personality cult that at the time of the International, when plagued by numerous moves originating from various countries to accord me public honour, I never allowed one of these to enter the domain of publicity, nor did I ever reply to them, save with an occasional snub. When Engels and I first joined the secret communist society, we did so only on condition that anything conducive to a superstitious belief in authority be eliminated from the Rules.
Letter, Karl Marx to Wilhelm Blos, London, November 10, 1877
Marx directly links the "personality cult" to "a superstitious belief in authority".
I think he got that one right! ---------------------------------------------------------------- First posted at RevLeft on March 22, 2005 ----------------------------------------------------------------
quote: For every positive argument for open democracy in which there is a lack of centralism and leadership roles, there lies the open wound in which inefficiency and argumentative wasting of time fills in.
Yes, you have nailed the essence of the dispute here.
Are people willing to tolerate "inefficiency" in order to attain and preserve their liberation?
And I honestly don't know the answer to that one.
Some people (mostly Leninists) think that inefficiency is a kind of "dagger" pointed at the heart of the revolution, that people will "demand" an "experienced leadership" that "gets things done". If communists don't supply that, then the counter-revolutionary bourgeoisie "will".
And there's no denying that, at least within limits, a "great leader" and/or a reasonably competent bureaucracy is "more efficient" than any form of direct democracy.
I would put it this way: is efficiency the main goal of our movement? Are we for communism "because" it is "more efficient" than capitalism?
Secondly, let's suppose the Leninist assumption was "correct" -- that people "do" and "always will" prefer an efficient socialist despotism to "time-wasting", "argumentative" communism...at least for a very long time.
My position is that even if that unpleasant hypothesis turned out to be true, we should nevertheless struggle for what we really want.
If offered a socialist despotism by a victorious vanguard party, we should struggle against it and demand proletarian democracy on every public occasion. If offered a "great leader", we should respond with ridicule and the sharpest possible criticisms of his "revolutionary" pretensions.
Just because somebody says (in suitably authoritative tones) that this or that outcome of the revolutionary process is "historically inevitable" does not mean that we have to roll over like puppies and accept that.
They could very well be totally wrong.
quote: A true personality cult isn't just a matter of bad ideas; it involves the ability to coerce and to distribute privileges in order to reinforce the leader's indisputable authority. The individual supreme leader, and the religion-like praise of that leader, is the summit of a hierarchy of privilege and coercion. A symptom, really.
Yes, that's how it used to be. But in the case of Maoism in general and Avakian in particular, the personality cult is "front-loaded" (as one fellow put it on another board) into the revolutionary process. Long before the "great leader" has done anything of consequence or has any privileges/punishments to dispense, the Maoist is tasked with the burdensome job of winning popular acclaim for the leader. (Not every Maoist group does this; but I think most do.)
Thus, we are dealing (in the "west") with what is still an idea...something proposed to us as something we "ought to do" or even "must do".
I'm informed (I think reliably) that in RCP circles, no one can even be considered a "real communist" unless they acknowledge Avakian's "leadership". That doesn't mean they won't talk to you (it's not "that kind" of cult); they're very willing to argue with anyone who's willing to argue with them. And, to be fair, they often have interesting insights on many contemporary political questions.
They are not necessarily "idiots".
What they have been unable to do (and may always be unable to do) is challenge Mao's assertion that there can be "good personality cults".
Or that Bob Avakian is the "revolutionary equivalent" of Barry Bonds. ---------------------------------------------------------------- First posted at RevLeft on March 22, 2005 ----------------------------------------------------------------
quote: Let me suggest that what first happened in the USSR to reduce mass participation in decision-making (the soviets, etc.) was....most people got tired of going to meetings all the time.
Revolutions are exhausting. Especially with all the material sacrifices people had to make, in that particular situation. A state of high mass participation in politics is hard to sustain. It's going to ebb...and one hopes, rise again. But not remain at one constant level, certainly.
People do, I suspect, get tired of going to meetings...if the meetings are ceremonial in nature.
If your "factory committee" doesn't do anything except endorse the latest party/managerial decree, why bother attending personally? If the soviet that meets closest to you -- one that you could attend if you wished -- isn't going to actually debate anything of substance, then what point is served by paying any attention to it at all?
Meetings that lack any real purpose are boring...and sensible people avoid them whenever possible.
I also agree with you that immediate material conditions have a very significant impact; if you're worried about tomorrow's meal, you're not too likely to want to go to a meeting unless they're also handing out food.
On the bigger question of the "ebb and flow" of revolutionary enthusiasm, well...I'm not so sure about that one. The Maoists use the "wave analogy" to explain (justify) the role of the party leadership...who are supposed to "stay the course" even when the enthusiasm of the masses wanes.
The underlying assumption is that "we communists" are "really different" from the masses -- "we" will "hang in there" while the masses will "inevitably" retreat into their private concerns.
It seems to me at least equally plausible that ordinary people will retreat to their personal worlds when they discover that their public participation has no effect on the outcome of events.
In a limited sense, humans are "lazy" -- the expenditure of effort without consequence is distasteful and even repugnant.
If we really want a revolutionary society characterized by the political participation of the masses, then we must develop a perspective that promotes that participation. In short, real decision-making power has to be in the hands of the masses...otherwise, they'll go home and watch old pre-revolutionary dvds.
Or just drink. ---------------------------------------------------------------- First posted at RevLeft on March 23, 2005 ----------------------------------------------------------------
Typically Avakian...never use one word when a thousand will do.
Summary: the party leadership should discuss major political decisions with the masses unless they think it's too dangerous to do that.
Whether discussed with the masses or not, the party leadership actually makes the major political decisions.
And remember to concentrate on the big stuff and let the small stuff slide.
I can't imagine why this should take 30 years of "agonizing"...it's just ordinary Leninism.
What's even harder to imagine is why any sensible person would take it seriously. There are already many people (non-communists) advocating greater transparency in public affairs. I would expect transparency to be one of the major demands made on any kind of post-capitalist "government"...indeed, I expect it to be made on revolutionary movements and parties well before the revolution.
The age of "official secrets", like much else, is drawing to a close. ---------------------------------------------------------------- First posted at RevLeft on March 29, 2005 ----------------------------------------------------------------
Here is a further reflection of life as a follower of "the main man" (Avakian) that I found on the blog of Sunsara Taylor (she is a "spokeswoman" for the Revolutionary Communist Youth Brigade -- the "youth group" of the Revolutionary Communist Party).
From the context, it seems that this writer was a former member of the RCP.
quote: But, I have to say, you raise a point that has been a painful one for me to wrangle over recently, and maybe you can shed some light (or maybe I can): "This is leading followers of Avakian to work in a different way now".
Well, my question is: Is it really? I mean, some of us have written about a hundred things to the RCP, and never heard back on any of them, and that is with 90 of them being written while we were working closely with the Party (and including in important positions of public representation). If this had really changed, if the RCP really had decided it was doing anything different, wouldn't it have some sort of something to say to people? I mean, how do you ignore so many people for so long and then say that everything is cool now without going and talking to anyone who has worked so closely with you for so long and being told to "obey, don't worry about anything but your immediate work" for so fucking long? I mean, ok, maybe this whole new thing constitutes a big public self-criticism. But maybe it doesn't. After all, some of us thought the homosexuality criticism was a big deal, but a lot of older comrades didn't take it very seriously.
For example, there was a comrade that I personally really respected who finally left (after 20+ years of her life) after the homosexuality criticism got spun by a bunch of older comrades as "we weren't mainly the ones in the wrong in this" when the line on that changed. And I wonder, maybe you and the other idealistic young comrades are being taken on a ride on this whole thing. Because wouldn't the first indication of a real change in line on the part of the RCP on this question of listening to people be that those who have been saying for so many years that the RCP needs to be more open-minded, or that worked so hard to push different positions (conceived within the framework of MLM), would be approached by the RCP in some way?
But it doesn't seem like anything like that is happening. So, while I applaud your open-mindedness, your poetry, and your clear willingness to learn the best of what Avakian has to offer, I have some serious skepticism about where the RCP is going with all this. I always heard stories about what a good listener Avakian is, as far back as NDP1, but that never seemed to matter in practice to his close followers that constituted my leadership.
But I give you mad props for giving me a longer response to something I wrote than my leadership ever did, even during the years I was devoting 100+ hours a week to the Party. And, once again, I apologize for putting such a long ass thing on your blog, as if it were a discussion site or something (although, if you look at RCP supporter behavior on sites like 2ctw or awip, it is anything but tolerant of dissent). But, it's Christmas, and I fucking hate this holiday, and you probably understand that since you're from such a cold part of the country.
http://sunsara.blogspot.com/2004/12/avakian-and-listening.html#comments
And here is more from the same source...
quote: How would the RCP go back to people who have been driven out over the years (I'm sorry, I think the correct way to phrase it is "fallen by the wayside" or "gone the other way" or "left behind at a turn in the road of the struggle")? Well, that would have a lot to do with the various particulars. But, let's take the example of my friend who worked with the Party for 25 years or so and left when local leaders decided not to uphold the new line on homosexuality. I mean, she was shut down and stifled in a bad way. So now, if the RCP is really serious about listening to people, wouldn't someone like that be the sort of person that basic human decency (which I guess isn't a very scientific Marxist term) would require them to go and talk to, to say "we fucked up"? Not so that they have to pay or apologize or anything just for the sake of apology, but can't one sort of measure how thorough a self-criticism or change of policy is by what people do to rectify their past errors? I mean, if you say, we've changed, now we're different, how can people measure that except if you go back and try and show how you've changed? Why should anyone take that seriously if you don't try and rectify mistakes? Anyways, some people like me run off at the mouth like I am now, so we're probably too much of a security risk to come and talk to, but people like my friend should be talked to.
I mean, to be subjective again for a minute (this is a blog, right, so a certain amount of subjectivity and chattiness is expected, right?), I can't express how galling it is to see this stuff from Bill Martin on how intellectuals need time and particular conditions to actually do intellectual work being used and upheld as "the line of the RCP". I mean, I was showing people that passage from his Politics in the Impasse book 3 years ago and I got branded a "bourgeois intellectual" by my leadership for it. And now people are just supposed to accept that this is the line of the RCP?
I mean, it would be personally satisfying to get an apology, but that isn't the point (at least, if I try and think in really broad terms, which can be a challenge sometimes on some of this painful stuff). The point is that to practically implement a new and better line, some element of going back and saying "look, we fucked up" is going to be necessary. Otherwise you'll have a situation like we had here on the homosexuality question, with a lot of people insisting that while the previous line was incorrect, it was "more correct than those who were criticizing us" which in practice leads pretty quickly to "our shit doesn't smell" and "we know everything and don't need to listen to others". Which of course leads us back to a big part of that epistemology talk and what Avakian is trying to rectify, right?
Sorry to give you such a long reply. I hope it's not too repetitive.
http://sunsara.blogspot.com/2005/01/avakian-discussion-continued.html#comments
I think these posts provide a remarkable insight into the "mindset" of those who follow great leaders...even for a while. They "can't believe" how wrong they were or how wrong the leader was. Frequently, their attitude -- even after disillusionment -- is "if only the leader had known". It's "the local leadership" who were assholes; the leader would not have "permitted this" had he been consulted.
They do not grasp for a long time (if ever) that a personality cult generates mini-personality cults automatically. A local leader in the RCP thinks of himself (rarely herself, I would imagine) as a "little Avakian"...with all the temptations of arrogance that implies.
It's rather ironic to think about: Avakian "prides himself" on his alleged ability to "listen to criticism with an open mind". But the only people he ever talks to are people that he himself has appointed as his underlings.
And they, of course, can never offer anything but praise. ------------------------------------------------------------ First posted at RevLeft on April 2, 2005 ------------------------------------------------------------
Follow up...
From the first issue of the new tabloid Revolution published by the RCP...
quote: In the projects down the street two men greet the neighbor who got them their [Bob Avakian] DVD samplers by putting their fists to their hearts and shouting out, "B.A.!"
There is Something Beginning Here
This rather unusual gesture appears to have its origins in modern fantasy. Both Star Trek and The Lord of the Rings are frequently mentioned...as well as many on line role-playing games.
http://www.google.com/search?q=%22fist+%2B+to+%2B+heart%22+%2B +salute&sourceid=mozilla-search&start=0&start=0&ie=utf-8&oe= utf-8&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official
http://search.yahoo.com/search?p=%22fist+%2B+to+%2B+heart%22+%2B +salute&ei=UTF-8&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&fr=moz2
I have this fuzzy memory of old Hollywood movies set in Imperial Rome...where Roman soldiers would make this gesture in response to a command by their superior officers. But neither Google nor Yahoo could confirm this.
Does art influence reality? ------------------------------------------------------------------- First posted at AnotherWorldIsPossible on April 26, 2005 ------------------------------------------------------------------- ========================================== |
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